*Phenol* #Formulations : NA #Brand_Names : NA #Pharmacological_Action : It is a general protoplasmic poison, injuring microbes and tissue cells alike at higher concentrations it causes skin burn and is a caustic. It acts by disrupting bacterial membranes and denaturing bacterial proteins. Organic matter diminishes it's action slightly while alkalies and soap do so profoundly. #Therapeutic_Uses : used as antiseptics & Disinfectant
Phenol: NA
*CRESOL* #Formulations : NA #Brand_Names : NA #Pharmacological_Action : It is a methyl phenol more active and less damaging to tissues. Used for disinfection of utensils, excreted and for washing hands.
Cresol: NA
*CHLOROXYLENOL* #Formulations : NA #Brand_Names : DETTOL, DETOLLIN #Pharmacological_Action : It has a phenol coefficient of 70 doesn't coagulate proteins, is noncorrosive, nonirritating to intact skin, but efficacy is reduced by organic matter. It is poorly water soluble; the commercial 4.8% solution is prepared in 9% terpinol and 13% alcohol, that is used for surgical antisepsis. A 0.8% skin cream & soap, 1.4% lubricating obsteric cream and a mouthwash are also available. These preparations lose activity if diluted with water and kept for a time. #Therapeutic_Uses : used as antiseptics & Disinfectant.
Chloroxylenol: NA
*Hexachlorophene* #Formulations : NA #Brand_Names : NA #Pharmacological_Action : This chlorinated phenol acts by inhibiting bacterial enzymes and causing bacterial lysis. It is odourless , nonirritating doesn't stain and activity is reduced by organic matter but not by soap. It is commonly incorporated in soap and other cleansing antiseptics for surgical scrub, patients skin, etc.. but is narrow spectrum; kills gram positive but not gram negative bacteria or spores. The degerming action is slow but persistent due to deposition on the skin as a fine film that is not removed by rinsing with water. Incorporated in toilet products, it is a good deodorant.
Hexachlorophene: NA
*Potassium Permanganate* #Formulations : NA #Brand_Names : NA #Pharmacological_Action : It occurs as purple crystals highly water soluble liberates oxygen which oxidizes bacterial protoplasm. The available oxygen and germicide capacity is used up if much organic matter is present the solution gets decolourised. A 1:4000 to 1:10000 solution is used for gargling, douching, irrigating cavities, urethra and wounds. The action is rather slow and higher concentrations cause burns and blistering popularity therefore has declined. #Therapeutic_Uses : It has also been used to disinfect water and for stomach wash in alkaloidal poisoning. It promotes rusting and is not good for surgical instruments.
Potassium Permangnate: NA
*Hydrogen Peroxide* #Formulations : NA #Brand_Names : NA #Pharmacological_Action : It liberates nascent oxygen which oxidizes necrotic matter and bacteria. A 3% solution produces 10 volumes of oxygen much of which escapes in the molecular form. Catalase present in tissues speeds decomposition resulting in foaming. This helps in loosening and removing Slough, ear wax etc. It has poor penetrability and a weak transient action. It loses potency on keeping. Use therefore is much restricted. #Therapeutic_Uses : used as antiseptics & Disinfectant
Hydrogen Peroxide: NA
*Benzoyl Peroxide* It is specifically active against P.acnes and used on acne vulgaris.
Benzoyl Peroxide: Na
*IODINE* #Formulations : NA #Brand_Names : IODEX #Pharmacological_Action : It is a rapidly acting broad spectrum microbicidal agent that has been use for more than a century. Acts by iodinating and oxidizing microbial protoplasm. A 1:20000 solution kills most vegetative forms within 1 minute. Even bacterial spores are killed with higher concentrations/longer contact. Organic matter retards but doesn't abolish its germicidal action. These are corrosive, stronger solutions cause burning and blistering of skin. Tincture iodine stings on abrasions. It is used on cuts for degerming skin before surgery and to treat ring worm. #Therapeutic_Uses : used as Antiseptics & Disinfectant
Iodine: NA
/IODOPHORES #Formulations : NA #Brand_Names : BETADINE 5% SOLUTION, 5% OINTMENT, 7.5% SCRUB SOLUTION, 200MG VAGINAL PESSARY; PIODIN 10% SOLUTION, 10% CREAM, 1% MOUTHWASH; RANVIDONE AEROSOL 5% SPRAY WITH FREON PROPELLANT #Pharmacological_Action : These are soluble complexes of iodine with large molecular organic compounds that serves as carriers release free iodine slowly. #Therapeutic_Uses : used as antiseptics & Disinfectant.
IODOPHORES: NA
/CHLORINE #Formulations : NA #Brand_Names : NA #Pharmacological_Action : A highly reactive element and a rapidly acting potent germicide, 0.1- 0.25 ppm kills most pathogens in 30 secs. However the degerming action is soon exhausted, and it lacks substantivity. It is used to disinfect urban water supplies. Organic matter binds chlorine, so that excess has to be added to obtain free chlorine concentrations of 0.2- 0.4 ppm. This is known as the chlorine demand of water. #Therapeutic_Uses : used as antiseptics & Disinfectant
CHLORINE
/CHLOROPHORES #Formulations : NA #Brand_Names : NA #Pharmacological_Action : These are compounds that slowly release hypochlorous acid. Because of ease of handling they are used in preference to gaseous chlorine. #Therapeutic_Uses : used as antiseptics & Disinfectant
CHLOROPHORES
*Chlorhexidine* #Formulations : NA #Brand_Names : Savlon #Pharmacological_Action : A powerful, non irritating, Cationic antiseptic that disrupts bacterial cell membrane. It also denatures microbial proteins. It is relatively more active against gram positive bacteria. Like hexachlorophene it persist on skin. #Therapeutic_Uses : used as antiseptics in dentistry, mouth rinse, antiplaque
CHLORHEXIDINE: NA
*Cetrimide* #Formulations : NA #Brand_Names : CETAVLON CONCENTRATE SAVLON LIQUID ANTISEPTIC SAVLON CREAM SAVLON HOSPITAL CONCENTRATE #Pharmacological_Action : working as cleansing agents. #Therapeutic_Uses : used as antiseptics & Disinfectant
CETRIMIDE: NA
*Benzalkonium Chloride* #Formulations : NA #Brand_Names : NA #Pharmacological_Action : NA #Therapeutic_Uses : used for sterile storage of instruments, douches, irritation
BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE: NA
*Dequalinium Chloride* #Formulations : NA #Brand_Names : DEQUADIN #Pharmacological_Action : NA #Therapeutic_Uses : used in gum paints and lozenges.
DEQUALINIUM CHLORIDE: NA
*Soaps* #Formulations : Soap #Brand_Names : NA #Pharmacological_Action : Soaps are anionic detergents with weak antiseptic action. They affect only gram positive bacteria. Their usefulness primarily resides in their cleansing action. Washing with soap and warm water is one of the most effective methods of preventing transmission of infection by removing or diluting pathogenic bacteria. Soaps can be medicated by others antiseptics
SOAP: NA
*Ethanol* #Formulations : NA #Brand_Names : NA #Pharmacological_Action : It is an effective antiseptic and Disinfectant agent at 40- 90% concentration. The rapidity of action increases with concentration upto 70% and decreases above 90%. It acts by precipitating bacterial proteins. A cotton swab soaked in 70%ethanol rubbed on the skin kills 90% bacteria in 2minute. This has been used before hypodermic injection and on minor cuts. Alcohol based hand rubs are recommended for decontamination of hands in the health care setting as well as for personal hygiene. ₹not be applied to mucous membrane or to delicate scrotum due to irritancy. #Therapeutic_Uses : used as antiseptics & Disinfectant
ETHANOL: NA
*Isopropanol* #Formulations : NA #Brand_Names : NA ₹ It is less volatile can be used in place of ethanol. #Therapeutic_Uses : used as as antiseptics & Disinfectant
ISOPROPANOL: NA
*Formaldehyde* #Formulations : NA #Brand_Names : Formalin #Pharmacological_Action : It denatures proteins and is a general protoplasmic poison but acts slowly. It is a broad spectrum germicide but use as antiseptics is restricted by its irritating nature and pungent odour. It is occasionally employed to disinfect instruments and excreta. #Therapeutic_Uses : used as antiseptics & Disinfectant
FORMALDEHYDE: NA
*Glutaraldehyde* #Formulations : NA #Brand_Names : NA #Pharmacological_Action : less volatile, less pungent, less irritating and better sterilizing agent than formaldehyde. Activated by alkalinizing of the solution. #Therapeutic_Uses : used as antiseptics & Disinfectant.
GLUTARALDEHYDE: NA
*Boric Acid* #Formulations : NA #Brand_Names : Borocide #Pharmacological_Action : It is only Bacteriostatic and weak antiseptic. But being nonirritating even to delicate structure saturated solution (4%) have been used for irrigating eyes and as mouthwash, douche etc. Boroglycerine paint (30%) is used for stomatitis and glossitis. A 10% ointment is used for cuts and abrasion. #Therapeutic_Uses : used as antiseptics & Disinfectant.
BORIC ACID: NA
*Silver Nitrate* #Formulations : NA #Brand_Names : NA #Pharmacological_Action : It rapidly kills microbes action persisting for long periods because of slow release of Ag+ from silver Propionate formed by interaction with tissue proteins. Tissues get stained black due to deposition of reduced silver. #Therapeutic_Uses : It is used for hypertrophied tonsillitis and aphthous ulcers.
SILVER NITRATE: NA
*Silver Sulfadiazine* It is highly active against Pseudomonas and has been used on burns.
SILVER SULFADIAZINE: NA
*Zinc Sulphate* #Formulations : NA #Brand_Names : Zinco-Sulfa , Thiosol, Thiosol Forte. #Therapeutic_Uses : used for eyewash, eye/ear drops, lotion, acne and impetigo.
ZINC SULPHATE: NA
*Calamine and Zinc Oxide* These are insoluble. In addition to being mildly antiseptic, they're popular dermal protectives and adsorbants.
CALAMINE ZINC OXIDE: NA
*Gentian Violet* #Formulations : NA #Brand_Names : NA #Pharmacological_Action : A rosaniline dye again staphylococci other gram positive bacteria and fungi but gram negative organisms and mycobacteria are insensitive. Aqueous or alcoholic solution has been used on furunculosis, bedsores, chronic ulcers, infected eczema, thrush, Vincent angina, ringworm. #Therapeutic_Uses : used as antiseptics & Disinfectant
GENTIAN VIOLET: NA
*Acriflavin and Proflavine* #Formulations : NA #Brand_Names : NA #Pharmacological_Action : active against gram positive bacteria and gonococci. Their efficacy is not reduced by organic matter & is enhanced in alkaline medium. Solution lose efficacy on exposure to light; therefore needs to be stored in amber bottles. #Therapeutic_Uses : used for antiseptics & Disinfectant.
ACRIFLAVIN: NA
*Nitrofurazone* #Formulations : NA #Brand_Names : Furacin #Pharmacological_Action : cidal to both gram positive and gram negative bacteria and aerobe and anaerobes even in high dilutions. It inhibits enzyme necessary for carbohydrates metabolism in bacteria. #Therapeutic_Uses : highly efficacious in burns and for skin grafting.
NITROFURAZONE: NA
